In many cases, certain conditions of people could push them to do certain behaviors that could also posses a problematic effect onto them most especially with their health. Somehow, substance abuse could possibly be a byproduct of a certain psychiatric disorder. An individual afflicted with an anxiety disorder could also become dependent to oxycontin, which can give anyone the feeling of relaxation. Make sense?
Dual diagnosis is a term which means the co-occurrence of an illness in the mind and problems with substance abused. Individuals who experience a dual diagnosis often face a wide range of psychosocial issues and may experience multiple interacting illnesses. In dual diagnosis, both illnesses may affect the person physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. Not only is the individual affected by two separate illnesses, both illnesses interact with one another. The illnesses may exacerbate each other and each disorder predisposes to relapse in the other disease. At times the symptoms can overlap and even mask each other making diagnosis and treatment very hard.
There are a number of findings that is discovered to clarify relationships . For one, the causality theory suggests that certain types of substance abuse can causally lead to mental illness. Findings on the origins of schizophrenia showed that it can also be a result of using cannabis. Moreover, the self-medication theory suggests that people with severe mental illness misuse substances in order to reduce a certain set of symptoms and counteract the side-effects of antipsychotic medication. Some studies show that nicotine could be effective for reducing motor side-effects of antipsychotics. Similarly, the alleviation of dysphoria theory suggests that people with severe mental illness commonly feels bad about themselves and that this makes them susceptible to using psychoactive substances to alleviate these feelings.
The problem with dual diagnosis is that most often, only one of the two interacting illnesses is identified. Furthermore, the patient tends to be in denial with one of the illnesses. A person diagnosed with a mental disorder may be in denial about the drinking or substance abuse. Or, the other way around could occur. The clear substance abuse could mask the mental disorder. Therapists, psychiatrists, and professional counselors are having a hard time identifying both illnesses because psychiatric symptoms can be masked by alcohol or drug use. Furthermore, alcohol or drug use, or withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs can mimic or give the appearance of some psychiatric illnesses. Also, untreated chemical dependency could add to a reoccurrence of psychiatric symptoms, and untreated psychiatric illness could contribute to an alcohol or drug relapse.
One alcoholic from America shared that society can be a problem because alcoholism is not seen as an illness. Moreover, it seemed that they do not understand how ineffective it is to treat one illness but not the other. The tendency is that doctors may prescribe antidepressants to their patients without screening them for substance abuse. The addict/alcoholic whose depression is not treated will keep on to self-medicate with drugs and alcohol. Those with depression whose substance abuse is not detected will get sicker because alcohol is a depressant and with every sip they are throwing gasoline on their simmering bipolar. Consequently, it is difficult for these people to come across appropriate treatment. Most substance-abuse centers do not accept people with serious psychiatric disorders and many psychiatric centers do not have the expertise with substance abuse.
Treatment of the two disorders should be integrated, not separate, and should be a collaborative decision-making process between the treatment team and the patient.